The "Black Mammy" vs. Calpurnia (To Kill A Mockingbird)

I wanted to explore the similarities and differences between the stereotypical "Black Mammy" figure in popular culture and the character of Calpurnia in the book and movie To Kill A Mockingbird. As mentioned in both class and the film Ethnic Notions, the Black Mammy was typically portrayed as a large, docile, loyal, Black woman, often seen wearing a scarf on her head and sporting a huge, unrealistic smile on her face. Tying into the false idea that African Americans were always happy to work for their white masters, the Black Mammy figure was rarely shown without a larger-than-life, happy-go-lucky persona. She was portrayed as a desexualized individual, as to not pose a threat to the white housewife.

The character of Calpurnia in To Kill A Mockingbird possesses both parallels and contradictions to this stereotype that are worth noting. Throughout the movie, Calpurnia is portrayed to be extremely loyal to her family. She is often seen wearing the typical apron and dress combination. At the same time, however, Calpurnia is always seen sporting her natural hair texture, a thin build, and a serious facial expression. She is not sexualized, nor is she desexualized.  While she acts as a mother figure to Scout and Jem, it is acknowledged that she gladly returns home after a day's work with her white household. These aspects set her far apart from the stereotypical Black Mammy. Calpurnia is a strong-willed, independent character throughout the story, shaping the lives of the children and offering stern guidance when necessary. I thought these differences were notable and  aim to defy the well-known stereotype of the jolly Black Mammy.